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Gothic

Created by Mgr. Jaroslava Študentová

Gothic

Features

thin and high walls

flying buttresses which supported the walls

high towers, spires (little towers)

vaults - ribbed vaults, fan vaults, star vaults...

columns

pointed arch

stained glass

traceries - decorations often above windows, stone or wooden

gargoyles on the roofs

 

When and where did it appear? How long did it last?

It appeared in France in the 12th century. It lasted approximately till 16th century, depending on region.

Architecture - what was built? (general examples)

Abbeys, monasteries, churches, castles, cathedrals, houses

 

Gothic

English Gothic

Brought to England by the Cistercian Order

three stages:

1) Early - not much decorated

2) Decorated - as the name suggests, decorated

3) Perpendicular - very geometric

Prague castle - Saint Vitus Cathedral [seɪnt vaitəs kəˈθiːdrəl][kəˈθiːdrəl]

Charles IV (the fourth) ordered to build this cathedral

Architects: Mayas from Aras, Petr Parler

a 14th century tomb with the saint's holy relics at The Chapel of Saint Wenceslas. [ˈtʃæpəl əv seɪntˈwɛnsɪsləs]

the Crown Chamber containing the Bohemian Crown Jewels. It is not open to the public and its seven keys  kept by seven different people (one is the Czech president).

Origin of the name

GOthic was originally called "the French style" and it was not considered that nice. Then, in Renaissance, Giorgio Vasari used the term "Gothic". People thought it was a style influenced by the Ghots - a barbarian tribe and that the buildings were not carefully planned.

in the 19th century, Gothic became popular,mainly thanks to Romanticism and a new style - Neo-gothic appeared.

Painting

subjects: religion  - God, the Bible

panel paintings, murals (a textbook for poor people), illustrated manuscripts

People: mostly anonymous, God is more important than the artist. We know some names but not many. (Pietro Lorenzetti or Giotto)

We know Masters: Master of Vyšší Brod, Master Theodoric, Master of Třeboň, Master of Rajhrad...

Sculpture

Subjects: religion

material. stone, wood

sculptures, relief, dcoration of portals

Architecture - what was built - particular examples

France: Notre Dame de Paris, St. Denis, Chartres Cathedral, Reims Cathedral (Remeš), Amiens Cathedral, Sainte Chapelle

Italy: Milan Cathedral, Siena Cathedral

England: Westminster Hall, Salisbury Cathedral, Salisbury Cathedral, York Minster, Gloucester Cathedral, Lincoln Cathedral

Czech Lands : St. Vitus Cathedral, Plzeň Cathedral, Kutná Hora Cathedral (St. Barbara Cathedral), Charles Bridge, Petrov, St. James Church, The Church of Assumption /əsampšən/ of Our Lady (Nanebevzetí Panny Marie)

Giotto

He is sometimes called "father of renaissance paintings)

many great murals Cappella degli Scrovengni, Santa Croce